Leaflets about Types of Child Cancer

To address the lack of adequate and scientific information about child population affected by cancer and their families, Rui Osório de Castro Foundation launched 12 explanatory leaflets about the most common childhood cancers.

For each type of cancer, themes such as “What is?”, “What are the important factors in the treatment of disease,” “What treatment”, “How to help my son”, “words to know” and “Questions to do to the doctor” are adressed.

The “Leaflets” project had the support of the Invest Bank and some doctors of paediatric service at IPO Lisbon.

* Version still only available in Portuguese

	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) The Leukemia Acute Lymphoblastic (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children. It’s due to a change in the development of bone marrow cells that produce blood cells. In case of ALL, immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) do not operate normally.
	Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) The Leukemia Acute myeloid (AML) is the second most frequent type of leukemia in children. It’s due to a change in the development of bone marrow cells that produce blood cells. In case of LMA, immature myelocytes (myeloblasts) do not operate normally.
	Hodgkin's Lymphoma The Hodgkin's lymphoma is a cancer on the lymphatic system, which occurs when the lymph cells change and grow abnormally. There are two types of Hodgkin's lymphoma, classical lymphoma and nodular lymphoma with lymphocyte predominance. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, which occurs when the lymphatic cells change and grow abnormally. The four most common types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children are Burkitt's lymphoma (the most common), large B-cell lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma and anaplastic lymphoma.
	Central Nervous System Tumors The central nervous system tumors develop when a change occurs in cells of the brain or spinal cord, which grow uncontrollably and form a mass (tumor).
	Neuroblastoma Neuroblastoma is the most common solid malignant tumor in pediatrics after Central Nervous System Tumors. This tumor is formed when a special type of cells presents in many places in the body (neuroblasts) do not grow properly.
	Wilms Tumor Wilms tumor is the most common type of renal tumor in children. Develops when immature kidney cells begin to grow uncontrollably and form a mass (tumor).
	Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma is a tumor that develops in the area called the retina of the eye.
	Hepatoblastoma The hepatoblastoma is the most frequent type of liver's malignant tumor in children, and in most cases appears before the age of 5. Develops when immature liver cells begin to grow uncontrollably and form a mass (tumor).
	Ewing tumors The Ewing family of tumors is a group of cancers that affects the bones and soft tissues around them, which are more frequent in adolescents.
< br>	Osteosarcoma Osteosarcoma is a tumor that affects the bones, and it’s more frequent in adolescents and young adults. The tumor occurs when immature bone cells transform into tumor cells rather than bone; it can develop in any bone of the body.
	Rhabdomyosarcoma The Rhabdomyosarcoma is a soft tissue tumor (tissues that support and connect the body parts) which begins in immature cells that form muscles.